Is Criminal Behavior Learned or Does Your Dna Already Predispose You at Birth to Criminal Behavior?

1. Is criminal conduct learned or does your DNA as of now incline you during childbirth to criminal conduct? How does Behavior hereditary qualities, learning hypothesis and psychological advancement hypothesis fit into your supposition. As I would see it, criminal conduct is found out. All things considered, I accept that each part of human life when all is said in done is educated. That’s how we develop and additionally improve our lives. Some figure out how to be gainful residents and some figure out how to participate in criminal conduct. Criminal conduct exists on account of the manner in which individuals think and the decisions they make.Criminality is a way of life, and hoodlums should either be bound everlastingly or be instructed how to change their perspectives. In criminology, organic and mental clarifications of conduct have been outdated for quite a while. Actually, the creators of the main criminology text from the 1920’s to the 1970’s, Edwin H. Sut herland and Donald R. Cressey, â€Å"clearly dismissed the significance of natural factors† in clarifying criminal conduct. Researchers, for example, Glenn D. Walters and Thomas W.White built up the postulation that both crook and noncriminal conduct are identified with intellectual turn of events and that individuals pick the conduct where they wish to lock in. They have finished up: â€Å"the main drivers of crime†¦are thought and decision (Walters and White 8). I concur wholeheartedly with Walters and White that individuals pick the conduct they wish to take part in and on the off chance that its criminal conduct, at that point they should acknowledge the results. The intellectual advancement hypothesis depends on the conviction that the manner in which individuals sort out their contemplations about standards and laws brings about either criminal or noncriminal conduct (Reid 88).People control their own activities and whether they submit to the laws that administer them. The conduct that can be watched or controlled is significant. That is the conduct that will choose guiltiness. This conduct is found out through subjective reasoning and its method of learning can be killed, changed, or supplanted by removing the prize worth or by remunerating an increasingly suitable conduct that is incongruent with the freak one. Psychotic indications and some freak practices are gained through an appalling eccentricity of learning (Reid 89).Even the learning hypothesis recognizes that people have physiological instruments that grant them to carry on forcefully, however whether they will do so is educated, just like the idea of their forceful conduct (Reid 89). The entirety of this can correspond with an outside domain, for example, the area a criminal lives in. What that criminal finds in his regular daily existence might be diverse that what a non-criminal sees, in this way they will become familiar with the freak conduct they’re around.Behavior her editary qualities certainly affects the manner in which individuals think and act. Crooks figure out how to become lawbreakers by either watching others or being instructed how to carry out violations. For instance, youngsters who experience childhood in failed families that participate in criminal conduct can figure out how to become hoodlums. A kid who watches his dad beat his mom is bound to grow up and beat his better half or sweetheart. The youngsters that are observers to this conduct figure out how to perpetrate crimes.To finish up, criminal conduct is found out through the criminal’s contemplations, sights, activities, and their connections of the general condition. Catalog Glenn D. Walters and Thomas W. White, â€Å"The Thinking Criminal: A Cognitive model of Lifestyle Criminality, â€Å" Sam Houston State University Criminal Justice Center, Criminal Justice Research Bulletin 4 (1989): 8 Reid, Sue T. Wrongdoing and Criminology. thirteenth ed. Oxford: Oxford Univers ity Press, 2012. 8. Print.

Border-Fencing-a Needed Necessity Or a Wanted Necessity? Essay

Numerous individuals don’t accept that Border-Fencing is required, while others do feel it is important that Border-Fencing be set up. Outskirt Fencing is required because of the considerable number of employments being taken by unlawful foreigners. Building the fence would help keep unlawful settlers out and would make jobs.The southern fringe of the United States is imparted to Mexico and ranges very nearly 2,000 miles. In 2011, at a discussion over migration, one Republican presidential applicant marked a vow to manufacture twofold fencing for the full length of the Mexico outskirt. Notwithstanding, Rick Perry of Texas, where 1,200 miles of the 2,000 miles exists, was cited as saying, â€Å"†¦building a fringe length fence would take 10-15 years and $30 million, and wouldn’t be cost-effective.† Adversaries of the Border-Fencing contest that building and keeping up a fence through even the most disengaged or antagonistic landscape could cost billions of do llars and possibly not influence unlawful intersections. They additionally remember for their contention that they feel that law requirement would will in general get settled in their watching. Feeling that the Border-Fencing would be sufficient to keep out unlawful settlers attempting to traverse into the U.S.. Some medication sprinters and bootleggers will discover approaches to traverse the Border-Fencing, on the off chance that they can’t go over they will attempt to go under. Unlawful settlers are a developing worry for a significant part of the U.S. Huge numbers of these foreigners are accepting government benefits even without appropriate documentation or confirmation. They are being given low-pay lodging, government assistance, health advantages, ready to work without a green card or Social Security number just as numerous different things americans get. Every one of these things ar e costing citizens a huge number of dollars every year, making it hard for American residents to look for some kind of employment, causing crime percentage to go up in urban communities across America. Clinical expenses are expanding every year because of illicit migration making health advantages and inclusion harder for a real citizen to help. Our penitentiaries and correctional facilities are turning out to be stuffed as America’s populace both illicit and legitimate keeps on developing. Some illicit settlers can remain in the event that they are gotten in light of the fact that they meet the necessities for DREAM. Visionaries is a term given to unapproved migrants who meet all requirements for Obama’s DREAM ACT-DEVELOPMENT, RELIEF, and EDUCATION for ALIEN MINORS. Visionaries are both Mexican and non-Mexican illicit foreigners and they are found in pretty much every state inâ the U.S. As per the American Immigrant Council the biggest Dre amers populace is found generally in California and Texas. Under the Dream Act, Dreamers between the ages of 15 and 30 who have lived on American soil for at any rate five years straight, are joined up with secondary school or have a confirmation or GED, no lawful offense feelings, or served in the military are quickly qualified for â€Å"deferred action†. Visionaries between the ages of five and 14 will be qualified sooner or later if â€Å"deferred action† is as yet accessible. Just in America, can unlawful workers open and own their own organizations. With this happening, Americans are securing positions that used to be promptly accessible for them are currently just being offered to other illicit migrants making real residents record for joblessness, and discovering they can't monetarily deal with themselves and their families.

Its Monday

It’s Monday 7:39 PM: Its Sunday night. I have four exams in the next week. Hey, I should blog! 7:40 PM: Erons 12 walks into my room. Erons is not wearing shoes. 7:41 PM: Erons is asking me something about electric potentials inside charged cubes. Erons is the type of person who carries all his homework in a leather briefcase and can run from Random Hall to campus in less than two minutes and once lived in Africa and is actually named Sylvester and pretends to be Stephen Hawking on weekends. Incidentally, the set of such people that I know contains one member: namely, Erons. Erons has to carry a wheelchair up the stairs when he pretends to be Stephen Hawking in Random Hall, which is probably why he doesnt do this more often. 7:42 PM: Erons leaves. I should blog. 7:46 PM: Look ma, Im blogging! Which brings us back to the immutably desolate fact that I have four exams in the next week. Like the Goldberg Variations or the Cold War or the ending of The Matrix trilogy, academic life at MIT lends itself to multiple interpretations, some of which are more disheartening than others. A friend of mine offers this: once the cycle of tests commences during the third-plus-or-minus-epsilonth week of term, you dont escape until after finals. Tests pile up in the narrow, cramped margins of time between problem set deadlines and project due dates, wrinkling your weeks into tight-crunched balls of endless studying. Inevitably, the mercury in the Stress-o-Meter hanging somewhere inside the back of your head begins to creep up, and you consider adopting the simple, rustic life of a potato farmer in Idaho. I digress. Heres my schedule for the week, which is more eyewateringly jam-packed than usual: Click here to see it in its full, boxlike glory. Translations: -All classes are listed by course number, followed by room number. 18.03 = Differential Equations 8.022 = Electricity and Magnetism with Theory and Demonstrations that Often Fail 18.06 = Linear Algebra 21M.302 = What Would Bach Do? (aka, Harmony and Counterpoint II) -Lab = My UROP project, which involves making batteries that dont randomly explode. -Pastry Sale/ Xifan Sunday = imported from the events calendar of MITs Association of Taiwanese Students, of which I am half-heartedly a member. Their sporadic peddling of scallion buns in the Infinite Corridor, however, has brightened my disposition more than once in the middle of a long day of classes. -OH = Office hours, not Ohio. -pset = Problem sets, AKA homework. -Lulus office = Lulus office hours, ungracefully truncated by the finite spacial limits of Google Calendar. Lulu is a TA for 8.022, a class of which I am partaking. -Physics dinner = I recently joined the Undergraduate Women in Physics group at MIT, by which I mean that the Physics major who lives next door put me on their mailing list once she noticed that I was an undergrad, a woman, and sort of a Physics major. By which I mean, free dinner! -Frosh lunch = Im not sure I remember what this is, besides the fact that its presumably a lunch presumably for freshmen. At MIT, presumably. Maybe I presume too much. Maybe Im making a pres out of U and ME. Anyway, now that youve all witnessed my clever manipulations of the English language, lets move on. -GRT interviews = Random Hall is currently reviewing applications for a new Graduate Resident Tutor. The interview is an integral part of ensuring that our next GRT is willing to cook food for us on a regular basis, besides doing other stuff that GRTs are supposed to do. In summary, I have no time to finish this sent-

Childhood The Non Squeaky Wheel - 948 Words

Childhood: Growing up in a family that was ripe with mental illness lent me an unique perspective on the idea of social norms that allowed me the personal freedom to explore life to the very limits of my morality. I am born to a long and prestigious line of mental illness and diagnoses. By age 5 I knew good and well what it meant when my mother would say â€Å"we don’t know where Grandma (bipolar) is and we don’t know when she will come back, but Grandpa brought presents!† By age 9 I was aware that my only sibling was bipolar and it would run our house, that is, when my father’s chronic depression wasn’t. My maternal uncle was bipolar and hung himself at 23. My maternal aunt’s agoraphobia kept us as strangers until I was 12. Therapy was a staple of life; everyone had therapists, everyone but me. I was the â€Å"easy† kid, the non-squeaky-wheel. I married young (20 years old) and became a military wife. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Dyslexia and severe pornography addiction dismantled my marriage in a short order. Therapy, family, clergy, pride, and sheer will could not hold my ill-advised marriage together. In 2009 we separated and divorced. I was 26 years old and unsure of whom I was or wanted to be. All I knew was that I had failed at being a wife, failed in my career (making $14 per hour), and failed in school (my summer off before starting college had turned into seven years). The only thing that I had succeeded in was gaining 60 pounds in five years! SeveralShow MoreRelatedComparison of American and Vietnamese Culture2261 Words   |  10 Pagesavenues for acquiring a good name†¦acts of heroism, intellectual skill, or exhibition of moral virtues (i.e. â€Å"honor,’ â€Å"generosity,† and â€Å"honesty†). The preferred Vietnamese personality involves being one of moderate speech. Children are taught from childhood to consider their words before speaking. â€Å"Bragging† is itself a sign of an â€Å"empty soul,† I put â€Å"bragging† in quotations in the previous sentence because the negative connotation seems to be limited to verbal bragging. Take my girlfriend’s parentsRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesand integrated learning are vital components of high-quality preschool programs. With the goal of ensuring that all preschools in California offer highquality programs, the California Department of Education collaborated with leading early childhood educators, researchers, advocates, and parents to develop Volume 2 of the preschool learning foundations. The foundations outline key knowl ­ edge and skills that most children can achieve when provided with the kinds of interactions, instructionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesExxonMobil, a so-called U.S. company, receives almost 75 percent of its revenues from sales outside the United States. New employees at Finland-based phone maker Nokia are increasingly being recruited from India, China, and other developing countries—non-Finns now outnumber Finns at Nokia’s renowned research center in Helsinki. And all major automobile makers now manufacture cars outside their borders; Honda builds cars in Ohio, Ford in Brazil, Volkswagen in Mexico, and both Mercedes and BMW in SouthRead MoreCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 Pagescertainly not prudent to continually invest your time into the ‘‘C’’ players who are not fully committed to turning themselves around or taking the steps that would demonstrate the evidence o f their good intentions. Although it’s often true that the squeaky wheel gets the grease, more of your time should be spent rewarding the people who contribute to you and help your team thrive, the people who consistently reach and exceed performance goals, the people who are going to be around for the long term andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestoward accomplishing high-priority results. They prevent problems from occurring or build processes that eliminate problems rather than just reacting to them. Preparation, preventive maintenance, planning, building resiliency, and organizing are all â€Å"non-have-to† activities that are crucial for long-term success. Because they are not urgent, however, they often get driven out of managers’ time schedules. Important/Nonurgent activities should be the top priority on the time management agenda. By ensuringRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesimplemented by another. These independent decisions by different groups of managers create a set of conditions leading to conflict, confusion, and frequently an unsatisfied customer. Under these conditions, resources of the organization are wasted in non-value-added activities/projects. Since projects are the modus operandi, strategic alignment of projects is of major importance to conserving and effective use of organization resources. Selection criteria need to ensure each project is prioritized and

Kant s Views On Freedom Essay - 1302 Words

In the following paper, I will outline how my understanding of freedom has changed since reading Immanuel Kant’s An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? Firstly, I will state the views that I held on freedom before I read the text, framing them within a political context by labelling myself as a civil libertarian and explaining what that means. Subsequently, I will provide my interpretation of Kant’s views on freedom through the â€Å"positive† and â€Å"negative† senses and how, for Kant, that there ought to be a distinction between the â€Å"public† and â€Å"private† use of reason, as it constitutes a necessary limit on freedom in order to foster enlightenment. Then, I will outline how Kant’s views on freedom have changed my understanding of freedom, stating that they have only strengthened it, though it has taken on a new degree of nuance as I agree that there ought to be such a distinction between the two uses of reason. I will also disagree with Kant by arguing that the citizenry must have the right to dissolve an authoritarian government, as it is necessary to preserve enlightenment. Finally, I will highlight a paradox that presents itself in Kant’s writings, highlighting it through the contemporary example of Edward Snowden’s disruptive usage of his public reason. Prior to reading the text, my views on freedom were framed around my experience with regards to paying attention to politics. I have always fancied fashioning my own viewpoints on a slew of topics, and freedom isShow MoreRelatedKant And Mill s Views On Freedom And Civil Rights1032 Words   |  5 PagesKant and Mill would disagree in their views of freedom, and civil rights. The former would consider defending liberty and civil rights as a duty one could not break. The latter, on the other hand, would consider liberty and civil rights as valuable inasmuch as they promoted the achievement of some greater good. Thus while Kant would take it as a categorical imperative that one promote freedom and civil rights, in as much as one would want their own freedoms and civil rights to be respected (toRead MoreThe Ideal Ruler Of Kant s Ruler1070 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion in his work The Prince(Machiavelli 8). Centuries later a different view of an ideal ruler was proposed by an Enlighte nment writer, Immanuel Kant. Although Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Immanuel Kant lived 250 years apart, both views have advantages and disadvantages in leading a country, Kant s ruler is a early model of a democratic ruler while Machiavelli s ruler was an ideal model for a absolute monarch. Immanuel Kant s view of an ideal leader is more beneficial to the European society during theRead MoreKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesreason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however there seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these two there is only one or the other dominating the brainRead MoreBroadcasting Corporation s Decision On Broadcast Jerry Springer1685 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction - What I intend to write about In this report, I will be assessing the British Broadcasting Corporation s decision to broadcast Jerry Springer: The Opera back on 8th January 2005. In order to judge the decision, I will be looking at the reasons why the BBC made the decision to air it in 2005. I will be comparing the number of people who complained to the BBC to the total amount of people who watched the broadcast using viewing figures and charts. In addition, I will also look at theRead More Freedom Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesquot;normalquot; or what everyone is programmed to do. Kant says quot;Can you also will that your maxim should become a universal law.quot;1 In part I agree to the theory of universal law where quot;rationalquot; is judged by universality or what everyone should do. In fact we know that primitive societies were not built on rationality. I believe that we are intrinsically rational and irrational. In my opinion , taking the daouist view, having the ability to be rational and irrational, a hybridRead MoreKantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strictRead MoreKant And Sir William David Ross Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant and Sir William David Ross agreed and disagreed about different aspects of ethical practice. Both philosophers had influential views on ethics with strong opinions and interpretations of what moral philosophy is. Part of C.S. Lewis’ Book touches on the notions raised by the philosophers. Positions of Kant and Ross Immanuel Kant was a Rule Nonconsequentialist Theorist who established Duty Ethics. His theory stemmed from the idea of moral absolutism, a theory which believes moral truthsRead MoreKant s View Of Enlightenment1234 Words   |  5 PagesEnlightenment†, he discusses his view of enlightenment and how â€Å"reason† can be brought to the public masses. During the late 17th century, many individuals found it very difficult to break away from their self-incurred tutelage, and often faced a power struggle between one’s individual thought versus how society deems one to think. As a result, it stemmed the Age of Enlightenment, hence the motto – â€Å"dare to know, dare to be wise†. In Kant’s terms, enlightenment is humanity s escape from â€Å"self-imposed ignoranceRead MoreKant And Kant s View On Life And Most955 Words   |  4 Pagesyou need ,your surviving. If you do what you want, your living†. Philosophers Mill and Kant both share similar ities and differences on their view on life and most of all on the meaning of a â€Å"good life. Mill bases morality on the principle of utility which states , that â€Å" actions or behaviors are right in so far as they promote happiness or pleasure , wrong as they tend to produce unhappiness or pain†. While Kant bases morality on the categorical imperative which is, â€Å"an unconditional moral obligationRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Today s Version Of Slavery873 Words   |  4 Pagessignificance. Immanuel Kant, a philosopher believes in the idea of impartial human beings, argues that each individual should be treated with respect and dignity. In the book, Justice: What’s The Right Thing To Do?, Kant states, â€Å"This capacity to act autonomously is what gives human life its special dignity. It marks but the difference between persons and things. . . respecting human dignity means treating persons and ends in themselves† (Sandel 110). In other words, Kant believes each individual

Baroque Architecture Free Essays

Baroque Architecture Works of famous architects and sculptors What is Baroque Architecture? A Style originating in late 16th Century Italy Consists of complex Architectural plan shapes, often based on the oval. Dynamic opposition and inter penetration of spaces were favored to highlighted the feeling of motion and sensuality. Other characteristic qualities include:- Grandeur – Drama and Contrast – Courageousness – Twisting elements – Gilded statuary He was the son of a stonemason and began his career as a stonemason himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now He soon went dominant study and practice his craft. He moved torment 1619 and started working for Carlo Modern, Bromine’s real name was Francesco Castillo. Once he had become established in Rome, he changed his name from Castles’ to Bromine, He worked within Lorenz Bernardino the design of the fundamentalist’s. Peter Basilica , the two later became bitter rivals. Francesco Borrowings the master of curved-wall architecture. He was influenced by the architecture of Michelangelo and the ruins of Antiquity. His architecture employs manipulations of Classical architectural forms, geometrical sensational with symbolic meanings behind his buildings. Ђ Classical architectural forms, geometrical rationales in his plans and symbolic meanings in his buildings. Famous works of Bromine Architecture San Cairo alley Squatter Fontanne Sandal’s all Seaplane, 1660 Colleges did Propaganda Fide Santiago SE in Agony The Sandal’s all Oratory Sapience and Palazzo die Filipino Assonant area dell Fretter Barbering San Ca rlo alley Equator Fontanne Falconer Spade San Giovanni in Lateran San Cairo alley Squatter Fontanne Bromine’s first independent commission This tiny church, along with its Rudyard, is one of the most important monuments of the baroque style in Rome. How to cite Baroque Architecture, Papers

Notes On Russian Nationalism Essays - Communism In Russia

Notes On Russian Nationalism Nationalism in Music Prior to the 1830's, Russian opera and classical music was largely uninspired and derivative of Western works. While Italian and German music was well-known and enjoyed in Russia, the country had no distinctive classical musical style to call its own. Mikhail Glinka, commonly considered the father of Russian classical music, changed that. Glinka's compositions were powerful and distinctive, incorporating elements of Russian folk music. Glinka kick-started the development of the Russian Art Music style, which integrated components characteristic of Russian folk music and church hymns into classical music. He went on to become part of the Russian Five, a nationalist music group which utilized the Russian folk style, which was in itself influenced by polysylballic Russian speech patterns, heavily in their compositions. Nationalism Under Romanov Rule The Romanov dynasty, beginning with the 1613 election of Tsar Michael Romanov and ending with the 1917 revolution during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II, was deeply nationalist in character, with a primary objective of the state throughout the dynasty being for Russia to become one of the most powerful European nations, a difficult task considering that for much of this time Russia was far less advanced as a state than its European neighbors. Eventually, for a brief time, the Romanovs' various legislation aimed at improving Russia's economy and military paid off, when the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to invade the country and was defeated by the Russian Army, which had seen improvement over years of Romanov legislation preventing social stratification and forcing great sacrifice from the peasant populace. After this accomplishment, Russia was seen at last as one of Europe's great powers. The Industrial Revolution Depowers Russia In the wake of the defeat of Napoleon, Russia was seen by most as the most powerful continental European nation. However, all that changed with the Industrial Revolution. While the Industrial Revolution was beneficial to practically every country it touched, it effectively weakened Russia because it did not reach the nation until long after the economies of other European countries Rise of the Soviet Union In 1922, following a civil war in the wake of Tsar Nicholas II's abdication from the throne and the subsequent murder of himself and his family, the Bolsheviks came to power and established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or Soviet Union. Through the use of violenc The Soviet Union as a Superpower While the Soviet Union suffered great losses during World War II, strategic post-war arrangements that allowed the country to occupy and receive reparations from former Nazi satellite states gave the USSR even greater power and finally established it as one of the world's superpowers, a position it would retain until the early 1990s. However, shortly after World War II, the Soviet Union was regarded by its WWII allies less and less as a powerful friend and more as an extremely powerful threat. As the Soviet Union gained more stature and power, it raised what British Prime Minister Winston Churchill referred to as a communist iron curtain between Western and Eastern Europe, engaged in a nationalistic arms and space race with the United States, and participated in the long, potentially incredibly destructive Cold War. While life under Communist rule was, of course, difficult and dangerous for most Russians, it was also a time of great national pride for many. Russia had become the larg est state in one of the world's only two superpowers, gained enough power to destroy the world many times over and was treated as such by most of the world, and as the icing on the cake, the first human in space had been a Russian cosmonaut. The government of the Soviet Union was distinctive and dissimilar to those of other European and American nations, which greatly helped to destroy any feelings of inferiority Russians harbored towards the West in favor of national pride and superiority. Nationalism in an Independent Russia National pride in Russia has suffered greatly in the 1990s due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent steps and missteps taken by the new Russian government. Many Russians resented new President Boris Yeltsin's largely pro-Western foreign policy and disliked that their President was attempting to form alliances with, and was requesting aid from, Western nations that

FaceBook Essay Example

FaceBook Essay Example FaceBook Essay FaceBook Essay However, in this day and age, social media has aided in the lack of personal contact the public has with each other, resulting in poor communication skills. Nowadays when you think of communicating with loved ones, there is the phone, mail, face to face contact and Faceable. This social media website has opened doors to long distance communication. If your friend in California posts a picture, you see it right away instead of waiting for the mail service to deliver it days later. Many some that offer exclusive Faceable Discounts. Another great feature is the reminders of birthdays and events, such as a baby shower or Marci Grass party. Its great to invite everyone at once and get a response from each on one page. According to Mikado et al. , (2010), the argument is that online communication may help adjustment because young people can use online communication as yet another place to interact with existing friends and meet others. Communication on the internet and face to face are two different behaviors, but how do you know when the line is crossed? Faceable and Communication 3 Michael Bogeyman, the President of RPR Solutions published an article that says many people feel that Faceable can cause increased antisocial tendencies, because people are not directly communicating with each other. Especially in teens and young adults, there is an obsession of Facilitating others profiles instead of using face to face communication. There seems to be a lacking verbal communication trend, also. Many teenagers and adults speak to each other like they are typing something. Lol and OMG are some of the examples of the modernized language. Unfortunately, impel spelling is being forgotten. We send our children to kindergarten to learn how to spell and by 12-14, they are spelling you as U, your as our and are is r. There are tons of abbreviations to words on Faceable. It is like a new language has been created. Due to this spelling issue, many children are getting lower grades in school. According to the United Kingdom news site, Telegraph. Co. UK, teachers believe that abbreviations used on Faceable, Twitter, etc. Are making their way onto students homework, tests and write ups and its hurting their grades. A lot of real life communication is based on verbal acts and body language. Many students and their peers are losing the ability to socially interact, face to face. Pretty soon, they will not be able to read others body languages. Faceable started out as a website dedicated to student to student interaction. It has become such a distraction to students social lives. Also, 4 a lot of students are potentially getting poor grades due to multitasking, trying to study while Beckoning. Future employers will be witnesses to employees who do not know how to communicate successfully. They will not be able to hold a conversation, make eye contact, etc. There are movies made that are based in the future and it shows everyone sitting in front of a computer, with computerized clones running around. That is a scary yet realistic future if we dont step back and realize that social media is hurting us. In conclusion, Faceable has its pros and cons. However, when it comes to communication skills, there are more cons. Verbal and non verbal communication are lacking, in the real world. Many people dont go out for coffee with friends; they hose to interact over the internet instead.

A Guide to Navigating in Spanish

A Guide to Navigating in Spanish There are few things more frustrating while traveling than getting lost  in a foreign place. Fortunately, if you are traveling in an area where Spanish is one of the languages spoken, this list of phrases and words below can help you quickly get to where you are going. Keep This Vocabulary List on Hand Combine the vocabulary listed below with basic grammar and you will be well on your way to getting the help you need. Even if you are not proficient in Spanish, in most places you travel you will find that people will appreciate your desire to use their language. Print out or write down the phrases below so you can communicate with the people around you during your travels.  Ã‚ ¡Buen viaje! (Have a great trip!) Basic Spanish Travel Phrases Where is...? Where are...? -  ¿Dà ³nde est...?  ¿Dà ³nde estn...?How do you go to...? -  ¿Por dà ³nde se va a...? Or,  ¿Cà ³mo puedo llegar a...?Where are we on the map? -  ¿Dà ³nde estamos aquà ­ en el mapa?Is it far away? Is it near here? -  ¿Est lejos?  ¿Est por aquà ­?Im looking for... - Busco...Im lost. - Estoy perdido (perdida if you are female). Where can I catch a taxi (a bus)? - Latin America:  ¿Dà ³nde puedo tomar un taxi (un autobà ºs)?  Spain:  ¿Dà ³nde puedo coger un taxi (un autobà ºs)? Note that other terms used regionally for bus include bus, colectivo, camià ³n, camioneta, gà ³ndola, guagua, micro, microbà ºs, and pullman. Be careful with the usage of the verb coger in parts of Latin America, because it can have an obscene meaning.Additional ways of travel could be on foot (a pie), by car (en coche), on a motorbike (la moto), by boat (el barco), and by plane (el avià ³n). More Spanish Speaking Terms When Traveling Write it down, please. - Escrà ­balo, por favor.Speak more slowly, please. - Hgame el favor de hablar ms despacio.I dont understand Spanish well. - No entiendo bien el espaà ±ol.Is there anyone who speaks English? -  ¿Hay alguien que hable inglà ©s?North, east, west, south - Norte, este or oriente, oeste or occidente, surKilometer, mile, meter - Kilà ³metro, milla, metroStreet, avenue, highway - Calle, avenida, camino, carrera, or carreteraCity block - Cuadra (Latin America) or manzana (Spain)Street corner - EsquinaAddress - Direccià ³n Two Tips for Conversation While Abroad Get specific. Use key terms for places you are going to in your conversations with others. You may want directions to a shopping mall (el centro comercial), general shops (las tiendas) or the grocery market (el mercado). All three can be summed up as shops, but they vary in the type of shop. If you want to explore tourist attractions, detail if you would like to see an art gallery (la galerà ­a de arte), a park (el parque), or a historic center (el casco antiguo).Be friendly. There is nothing that delights locals more than when tourists are courteous and ask for help with a smile. Include basic greetings along with your phrases such as hello (hola or buenas), how are you doing? ( ¿quà © tal?) and good day (good morning is ​buenos dà ­as,  good  afternoon  is buenas tardes, and good evening is buenas noches). Youll score extra points if you adopt to local variations, such as buen dà ­a used in some countries rather than the more common buenos dà ­as. Using Addresses You should be aware the structure of street addresses can vary widely from country to country. Consult a thorough tourist guide before you travel to become familiar with local practices. In many cases, understanding addresses will be easier than it might seem at first. For example, one of the most popular museums in Bogot, Colombia, is el Museo del Oro (Gold Museum) at Cra. 6 #15-88, which initially might seem like a jumble of characters. But Cra. 6 indicates that is on Carerra 6, which we might call 6th Avenue in English. The 15 is the street name (Calle 15), and the 88 indicates the distance from the intersection of that avenue and street. Unfortunately for the traveler, easy-to-understand addressing conventions arent used everywhere, and not all streets are named. In Costa Rica, for example, you may run across addresses such as 200 metros al oeste de la escuela Fernndez, indicating a location 200 meters west of the Fernandez school.

Comparison of Republicans and Democrats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Comparison of Republicans and Democrats - Essay Example Recent Supreme Court rulings have allowed unlimited, undisclosed donations to be made by the super-rich and by multinational corporations to politicians from both parties that are seeking election. This creates a situation where both parties must do the bidding of these powerful donors once they are elected. If they do not, then these donors will support someone else in the next election. Both of these parties are dependant on rich people and special interest money to support their candidates. Another way Democrats and Republicans are similar is they refuse to take any responsibility for anything bad that happens. Both parties blame the other incessantly for the problems in America. Republicans blame the current state of the economy on the Democrats even though a Republican Congress and President sewed the seeds of the financial meltdown. Democrats ignore worthwhile gains Republicans make in everything from social policy to international relations. They ignore the amount of funding Republican administrations have sent to help AIDS victims in Africa while focusing on any comment or policy by a Republican that might be a bit offensive of dim-witted. Both of these parties are similar in the way that they react negatively to the other party. It is true that these two parties do differ in their basic ideology. The Republicans claim that they want to reduce the role of government in the lives of American citizens. They claim that the government is too big and that we need to cut expenditure. They believe in low taxes and self-reliance. The Democrats say that they believe the government can make a positive difference for people, especially the poor. They believe in funding social programs that help people get good educations and good jobs.     

Marketing 100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing 100 - Essay Example The Organic care products are consumable products and majority of its products are for young customers. The main differentiation of Organic Care products is its contents which distinguishes it from other products. Organic Care is a hair care product of ‘Natures Organics’. Organic Care is made from natural elements, instead of commonly used synthetic ingredients. This product helps to cleanse the hair and provide much nourishment. General perspective says that other shampoo brands contain chemicals which can damage the hair of the user. But Organic Care from Natures Organics provides best alternatives to chemical based shampoos. The regular chemical based shampoo is harm for hair and can cause damage to the shine. Organic Care provides good substitutes for other chemical shampoo. Organic Care provides wide range of products which provide customer the freedom to choose. The herbs and natural hair oil in organic products made them special and it can lock the soft smell and shine. Moreover, to provide more efficient customer service, the organisation uses the formula titled ‘natural miracle’ which balances the moisturizer and nourishes the health of the users’ hairs. The consumer can feel their hair soft and manageable, by using these products everyday (Buzzle 2011). 1.2 Current Pricing Price is a vital issue in marketing. The pricing of product affects the product sales and distribution. Many factors have to be considered before deciding the pricing strategy of products. At first the cost of making the product is to be identified. The price must be set in a way that it covers the cost of production and the service cost. The cost of operating the business such as variable cost also needs to be considered for example the salaries of employees, financing cost, inventory cost and others. The market research must be conducted before setting the price of product. The price of the competitors must be observed and then the optimum price ha s to be decided. The cost of Organic Care Normal Balance Conditioner 400 ml pack is 3.45 Dollar in Australia. The other hair care products of Organic Care are Normal Conditioner, Nourish Shampoo, Nourish Conditioner, Heat Protect Conditioner, Colour Shampoo, and Colour Conditioner which costs 3.45 AUD on an average (Natures Organics n.d.). Compared to other similar products, Organic Care is much cheaper. For example, the cost of Nature’s Gate Organics Shampoo is 4.8 AUD for 12 fl oz (340 ml) bottles (Organic Shampoo and Conditioner 2011); Chamomile Lemon Shampoo costs 8.07 AUD for 12 Ounce (355 ml) bottles (Vegan Essentials n.d). Avalon Organics Refreshing Shampoo costs 9.59 AUD for 11 Ounce bottles (325 ml) (Avalon Organics 2011). Desert Essence Organics Thickening Shampoo costs 9.12 AUD of 8 fl oz (237 ml). So it can be seen that Organic Care products are very cheap

Study of Rail Structure: Risk Analysis and Failure Mode

Study of Rail Structure: Risk Analysis and Failure Mode Study of Rail Structure:  Risk Analysis and Failure Mode Avoidance In this case study, a brief overview of railway structure is discussed. Defects related to rail failure are considered essential to frame out the correct maintenance strategy. As it is closely associated with safety of passenger and cargo transportation, hence it retains high risk in terms of human lives and cost of resources. There will always be some risk associated with collisions and derailments but it can be reduced by eradication of the root causes. Exposure and amendment of rail defects are major issues for all rail companies around the world. There are challenges to the infrastructure maintenance individuals to perform effective inspection and cost effective rectification decisions. If addressed properly these can reduce potential risk of rail breaks and derailments. Risk assessment and Failure mode avoidance has become a vital constraint for the organisations to decide a cost effective and improved solution that could meet the financial constraints regarding inspection, renewal and replacement of rails and wheels. This study aims to reduce costs and risks related to rail operation by effective approaches. The issues and challenges related to rail maintenance are outlined. The maintenance strategy followed by most railway companies is also defined. Large Railways infrastructures are the prime manner of transportation in several countries. Improved and better safety measurements are continuously presented but still could not be considered as incidents proof. There will always be some risk related with derailments and other occurrences such as major disruption to services, which can furthered be minimised by detailed examination of the root causes. Some of the causes require improvement in skill and efficiency, for example human error, and some may be improved by optimization of inspection regularity. Therefore, a appropriate thorough study of the defects which develop both on the rolling stock and rail infrastructure is vital to frame out the correct maintenance approach. European Union spends around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 billion every year for maintenance and repairing of broken rails (European Commission Cordis, 2017). It is understood that the consequential cost due to derailment decreases with rise in inspection, lubrication an d grinding charges. Risk in railways could be expressed in terms of cost, loss of human lives, infrastructure unavailability, traffic delay and environmental impact which may be caused due to derailment of a train carrying hazardous material. In this report, different kinds of rail defects and maintenance procedures followed are  described. Different risk assessment and failure mode avoidance methods and tools have been discussed briefly in this report. Some of the issues and challenges related to rail  maintenance are also addressed with an aim to reduce the total cost and risks associated with rail operations. Rails are longitudinal steel members that accommodate wheel loads and distribute these loads over the sleepers or supports, guiding the train wheels evenly and continuously. It is one of the most important components of the track structure. Usually a flat bottom rail  is used in conventional railway track, which can be separated into 3 parts: rail head, rail web  and rail foot. Many standards are used for rail profiles. (Kumar, 2007) Figure 1 shows the 2 common rail profiles. Figure 1: Flat bottom and Bullhead rail profiles The rails must possess sufficient stiffness so that they can act as beams and transfer the concentrated wheel loads to the spaced sleeper supports without excessive deflection between supports. (Ernest and John, 1994) Due to economic pressure, there is a world-wide trend to increase axle loads, traffic density  and speed to reduce the operating cost and increase the efficiency of railways. Axle loads  around the world have increased in general from 22.5 to 32.5 Tonnes in last ten years (Allen, 1999). This has led to increased rate of defect formation in rails. Some of the common defects are described in the following sections. 4.1. Shelling Shelling is a defect caused by loss of material initiated by subsurface fatigue. Shelling normally takes place at the gauge corner of high rails in curves. An elliptical shell like crack propagates in the subsurface parallel to the rail surface. When these cracks emerge on the surface, they cause the metal to come out from the crack area. It is generally eliminated by grinding. (Kumar, 2007) Figure 2: Shelling caused by Head Checks 4.2. Head Checks In the crown area, the contact stresses are generally low as it has greater profile radius in  comparison to the gauge side of rail. However, high contact stresses are produced on the high rails gauge corner, which usually has curve radius from 1000 to 1500 m. Head  checks are known to occur in tighter ((IHHA, 2001). If head checks are not controlled, they can cause a rail break. Grinding is the most common practice to remove head checks. Severe head checks need rail section replacement. 4.3. Squats Unlike shelling, squats appear in crown area of straight rail sections. They are surface  initiated defects formed by RCF. A squat is formed by two cracks, a leading crack and a  trailing crack. Both these cracks propagate in opposite direction. These defects could be prevented by grinding. (Kumar, 2007) 4.4. Spalling Spalling occurs, when the surface initiated crack development path is intersected by other similar shallow cracks on the rail head area, a shallow chip of rail material falls out. Spalling is more common in cold climates as rail stiffness increases. Figure 3: Gauge Corner Spalling in rails 4.5. Tache Ovale Tache Ovale is a subsurface defect formed around 10-15 mm below the rail head surface (see Figure 4). This is caused by hydrogen accumulation during manufacturing of rail or when poor welding is done in rails. Thermal and residual stresses also contribute to form this defect. Figure 4: Tache Ovale 4.6. Plastic Flow and Tongue Lipping Plastic flow occurs in rail head area, the depth of which may be up to 15 mm. Plastic flow  occurs on the field side of the low rail due to overloading. Tongue lipping is also a form of plastic deformation, but it is initiated by surface cracks. These cracks partially separate a layer of material from the bulk of rail. (IHHA, 2001) 4.7. Bolt Hole Crack Bolt holes appear in the rail web often starting from the fastening point of fishplates. But  these become weak points to resist crack initiation. These cracks have a very high potential to cause rail break and needs urgent replacement. 4.8. Longitudinal Vertical Crack This is a manufacturing defect, which usually appears in the rail web and may extend in rail  head also. If this crack is intersected by some other crack, it may lead to an early rail  fracture. Odds of sudden fracture due to this become predominant in cold climate. Figure 5: Longitudinal vertical crack 4.9. Transverse Crack Transverse crack is mostly developed in the cross-sectional area of defective weld joints. A  welding defect may be due to variation in weld material or rail manufacturing defect. Figure 6 shows a Transverse crack develops from the centre of the rail head or the rail foot. Use of clean steel and deeper hardening of rail head may avoid its formation. (Kumar, 2007) Figure 6: Transverse crack 4.10. Buckling Lateral buckling in rails is a very common defect in which the rail bulges out on its either side  due to expansion. As the temperature rises, longitudinal expansion in rail takes place. 4.11. Corrugation Corrugation is a rail flaw consisting of the wave-like wearing of the rail tread visualized as  peaks and valleys, in other words, it is a periodic irregularity of the rail surface (IHHA, 2001),  see Figure 7. Figure 7: Corrugation in rails Rail corrugations are the result of a damage mechanism, such as wear etc. Rail corrugations do not pose risk of immediate derailment, but they may be responsible for loosening of rail fastenings, ballast deterioration, increase in noise and vibration level leading to passenger discomfort, etc. Two main types of corrugations which generally occur in rails are: Short pitch corrugations Long pitch corrugation Tables below show the percentage and type of defect detection by different rail infrastructure  companies. Railway First Second Third Fourth Rail track (1999/2000) Squats 21.7% Vertical/transverse 20.1% Horizontal/longitudinal 12.5% Bolt holes 9.6% SNCF (1999) Squats 23.4% Internal fatigue 11.5% Shells 8.4% Thermite welds 4.7% HSPC (1999) Thermite welds 31.5% Wheel burns 17.2% Horizontal split webs 13.3% Bolt holes 11.3% NS (1997) Insulated Joints 59.4% Transverse defects 18% Thermite welds 15% Fatigue Failure 5.2% DB (1996) Thermite welds 29% Sudden fracture 18% Fatigue Failure 16% Electric bonds 4.0 % Banverket (1998) Transverse fracture 55.1% Welded joint 32.7% Horizontal defect 6.1% Vertical split 2.0% HH1 (1999) Vertical split heads 34.7% Thermite welds 20.3% Detail fractures 13.1% Bolt holes 12.2% HH2 (1999) Transverse defects 23.6% Thermite welds 15.5% Wheel burns 13.2% Shells 9.6% Table 1: Causes of defective rails (Source: Kumar, 2007) Rail breaks and derailments can cost the rail players in terms of loss of revenue, property, environmental damage or even loss of life. Estimation of these costs and analysis of risks are important in deciding effective maintenance strategies. In simple terms, risk can be defined as the chance or probability of loss, damage or injury. (Reddy, 2004) 5.1. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) FMEA is a step-by-step procedure for systematic evaluation of the severity of potential failure modes in a system. This process was originally developed in the 1960s, to analyse the safety of aircrafts, but has been since applied to several other fields, including nuclear power plants and the military. (Villemeur, 1992-A) Figure 8: Schematic representation of the FMEA. (Source: Villemeur, 1992-A). 5.2. Risk Priority Number (RPN) Risk priority number (RPN) is a methodology for analysing the risk associated with potential  problems identified during (FMEA) (for details refer Reliasoft, 2005). Assigning RPN requires the analysis team to rate each potential problem per three rating scales: Severity Occurrence Detection After the ratings, have been assigned the RPN for each issue is calculated as mentioned below, RPN = Severity x Occurrence x Detection Rail maintenance issues can be broadly classified into: Inspection issues Issues related to rail wear, RCF and rail welding Rectification and replacement issues 6.1. Rail Inspection Issues The effectiveness of rail inspection depends on the efficiency and accuracy of the inspecting  equipment. It also depends on the skill and experience of inspectors. Error in inspection is an important issue and its reduction is a big challenge. This mainly depends on the technological limitations of the inspection equipment and the skill level of the rail inspectors. Figure 9: Rail inspection issues (Source: Kumar, 2007) 6.2. Issues related to Rail Wear, RCF and Rail Welding Figure 11 outlines the rail maintenance issues. The following sections briefly describe some  of these issues. Figure 10: Rail maintenance issues (Source: Kumar, 2007) 6.2.1. Rail Wear Issues Wear occurs due to interaction of rail and wheel. It includes mild and severe wear. Mild wear takes place slowly but severe wear is often much faster. Severe wear is predominant in curves and occurs dry conditions. Lubrication techniques are used to prevent such wears. Four commonly used techniques which are followed for rail-wheel lubrication are: Top of rail lubricators Wheel flange lubricators Wayside lubricators On board lubricators 6.2.2. Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) Issues In the late 1990s RCF accounted for about 60% of defects found by East Japan Railways, while in France (SNCF) and UK (Railtrack) the figures were about 25% and 15%,  respectively. RCF is a major future concern as business demands for higher speed; higher axle loads, higher traffic density and higher tractive forces increase (see Cannon et al, 2003). Rail grinding removes surface metal from the rail head. It is done mainly with intensions to control RCF defects and rail wear. Rail grinding became increasingly recognized for controlling RCF defects from 1980 onwards, prior to that it was mainly focused on corrugation removal. 6.2.3. Rail Welding Issues Small imperfection in welds can cause cracks to initiate. A defect free weld requires skilled  workforce, better weld material along with improved welding techniques and equipment. 6.3. Other Issues affecting Rail Wear, RCF and Rail Welding Risk and cost are analysed by rail infrastructure operators in maintenance decisions. It covers rail lubrication, rail grinding and rail weld. Other important issues are: Rail material Rail traffic density and axle load Track geometry In Conclusion, first a brief overview of rail structure is discussed. Then, diverse range of rail defects and degradation processes have been studied. From the literature analyses done, it is interpreted that there is a need for better ways to monitor and predict rail defects over a period based on operational conditions and maintenance tactics. A good knowledge of risk along with an idea of the methods used for risk analysis is also required. Hence, before improvement of any model or any empirical relationship associated with risk and failure, there should first be a familiarity with risk management tools and failure mode avoidance. This study focuses on some such tools. Also, the issues and challenges related to rail maintenance are discoursed. The aim is to reduce risks related to rail operation that leads to failure mode, by effective decisions associated to rail inspection, grinding, rectifications lubrications, and rail replacements. Some of the challenges in this area include development of cost effective maintenance decisions, reliability and availability of logistics support, which include availability of capable equipment, skilled personnel and availability of rail track. 8.1. References Allen, R., (1999) Finding best practice at the wheel/rail interface, International Railway  Journal, Volume 6, pp. 48-50. European Commission Cordis (2017) AutoScan Rail inspection. Available from: http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/203338_en.html sighted: [February 2017] Cannon, D. F., Edel, K.O., Grassie, S. L. and Sawley, K. (2003) Rail defects: an overview,  Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials Structures, Volume 26, October 2003, pp.  865-886. Ernest, T. S. and John, M. W. (1994) Track Geometry and Substructure Management,  Thomas Telfold. IHHA (2001) Guidelines to best practices for heavy haul railway operations: wheel and rail  interface issues, International Heavy Haul Association, May 2001, Virginia, USA. KUMAR, S. (2007). Study of Rail Breaks: Associated Risks and Maintenance Strategies. Lulea Railway Research Center (JVTC)  MIL-STD-1629A, (1980) Military Standard Procedures for Performing a Failure Mode,  Effects and Criticality Analysis, Department of Defence, USA. Available from: http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/risk/e-guidelines/RBDM/html/vol4/Volume4/Toolspec_Rec/FMEA/MIL-STD-1629A.pdf sighted: [February 2017] Reddy, V. (2004) Modelling and Analysis of Rail Grinding Lubrication Strategies for  Controlling Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) and Rail Wear, Master Thesis, Queensland  University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Reliasoft (2005) Examining risk priority numbers in FEMA, Reliability Edge, volume 4,  issue1. Available from: http://www.reliasoft.com/newsletter/2q2003/rpns.htm sighted: [February 2017] VILLEMEUR, Alain (1992-A, 1992-B). Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety Assessment, A: Vol. 1: Methods and Technique. B Vol.2: Assessment, Hardware, Software and Human Factors: John Wiley Sons. 8.2. Figures: Figure 1: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Rail_profile.svg/800px-Rail_profile.svg.png?1487817217791 Figure 2: http://www.ndt.net/article/v07n06/thomas/fig3.jpg Figure 3: http://www.railwayexpertwitness.com/images/inspect9-300.jpg Figure 4: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229632336/figure/fig8/AS:[emailprotected]/Figure-1-Tache-ovale-or-kidney-rail-failure.png Figure 5: http://www.ndt.net/article/0698/schub/fig1.gif Figure 6: http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/imfile/09192.jpg Figure 7: http://railmeasurement.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/corrugation-track1.jpg Figure 8: VILLEMEUR, Alain (1992-A, 1992-B). Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety Assessment, A: Vol. 1: Methods and Technique. B Vol.2: Assessment, Hardware, Software and Human Factors: John Wiley Sons. Figure 9 and 10: KUMAR, S. (2007). Study of Rail Breaks: Associated Risks and Maintenance Strategies. Lulea Railway Research Center (JVTC)

Putting a Stop to Film Piracy Essay

Film piracy is one of the most lucrative forms of intellectual property theft in the United States and in the rest of the world. Movies are illegally copied, reproduced, and mass distributed in different ways such as in replicated DVDs or through the Internet for financial gains. Piracy is an act of stealing and it â€Å"includes the unauthorized copying, distribution, performance or other use of copyrighted materials† such as movies and television shows (Motion Picture Association of America). These practices result to negative impacts on consumers, the film industry, and to the whole economy. No matter how enticing are the reasons why people support pirated movies, film piracy remains to be a punishable crime for it is equal to stealing the properties and hard work of other people. Therefore, people who produce and distribute pirated movies for illegal purposes should face the consequences of their actions. Reasons Why People Engage in this Crime There are several ways how to pirate films. These movies are produced either by recording inside the theater, post-production leaks or leaks from an awards screener, stealing film print, stealing legitimate DVD prior to official date of release, or by ripping a legitimate DVD of any protective code (Treverton 37). These stolen copies of the movies are then burned or replicated in more DVDs or uploaded in the Internet without the consent of their original owners and then sold at cheaper prices or distributed for free. Despite being prohibited by law, film piracy is hard to control because many people instantly benefit from it. The people behind the business earn a lot from pirated movies because they do not have to buy the copyrights of the movies or pay royalties. Despite having lower qualities at times, buying pirated movies appeals to consumers because they can get films for free or for a very cheap price. â€Å"The low prices of pirated films compared with the legal ones make the former very attractive to buyers† (Treverton 31). Consumers who have limited budgets would prefer to buy pirated movies or download illegally from the Internet than to spend the money in cinemas. But these are only temporary benefits and in the bigger picture, film piracy causes more harm than good results. How Film Piracy Harms Pirated movies gain support from those who see them as answers to financial burdens. But many people remain unaware of the how movie piracy actually contributes to the sufferings of the whole country’s economy and film industry. These people do not recognize the importance of not supporting the products of piracy. The economy loses a lot of money annually because of the organized crime of intellectual property theft. Each year, â€Å"motion picture piracy costs the U. S. economy more than $20 billion† and because of the illegal reproduction of films, lesser income is earned by the movies and lesser money is contributed by the movie industry to the country’s economy (Grover and Shields). Piracy is also one of the biggest threats to film and music industry. The whole entertainment industry suffers from this crime. â€Å"The global film industry creates more jobs, more entertainment choices and more opportunities for the creative professions† and because of piracy, lesser opportunities are given to film production because budgets for discovering new talents, artists, directors, and production staffs are limited and restrained by the lack of budget (MPAA). There is a big possibility for the value of film making to decline and maybe even completely crash. Consumers will also suffer then because, aside from getting little for the money they invest in illegal products, they are also contributing to the wealth of people who have not really worked hard for the film. When the movie industry loses money to piracy, the costs produce quality and meaningful films and shows also become more expensive. Punishments and Consequences Piracy equals theft. Therefore, it is important to have laws created to protect the copyrights of films and television shows. â€Å"These laws help safeguard the creative works that support the livelihoods of the 2. 4 million Americans who work† together to create quality films for the entertainment of consumers (MPAA). The enforcement of laws makes copyrighted movies valuable and pirating these products makes them known as stolen properties. Many critics of the anti-piracy law and other laws related to copyright violations believe that the anti-piracy bill has harsh repercussions. Critics of anti-piracy laws believe that the punishments for acts related to piracy are too severe at times because lengthy prison terms and huge fines await those who will be caught involved in movie piracy. â€Å"First-time violators can be sentenced to up to five years in prison if the camcording was committed for financial gain or commercial advantage and fined up to $250,000† (MPAA). Critics say that there should be a limitation for the consequences of reproducing materials such as films. But for the industries that are affected by this crime, they need greater enforcement of laws because their lost sales continue increasing as consumers retain access to free music and movies on the Internet (Grover and Shields). Conclusion Reproducing copyrighted materials such as films are prohibited by laws. Piracy is a form of theft and many people profit a lot from stolen works. It has become a problematic dent in the film industry because movie outfits are hurt by this illegal act. Apprehenders are not easily caught and are not always given their rightful punishments. Purchasing pirated movies or getting them illegally from the Internet may seem like a mild offense for an ordinary person. But if this crime is done in volume, the negative consequences of movie piracy are proven to be detrimental to those who are part of the industry of film making because the act already translates into theft and a violation of another person’s rights. Works Cited Grover, Ronald and Shields, Todd. â€Å"Movie-Piracy Websites Shut Down by Raids. † 30 June 2010. Web. 23. Aug. 2010. Retrieved from < http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2010-06-30/movie-piracy-web-sites-shut-down-in-coordinated-raids-by-u-s-officials. html>. Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Frequently Asked Questions. 2010. Web. 23 Aug. 2010. Retrieved from < http://www. mpaa. org/contentprotection/faq>. Treverton, Gregory F. â€Å"Chapter Three: The Shape of Counterfeiting and the Example of Film Piracy. † Film Piracy, Organized Crime, and Terrorism. California: RAND Corporation, 2009. Print. Pp. 27- 38.

Essay on Life and Death - 1474 Words

What is this Book trying to teach us concerning the topic? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This book is trying to teach us, the readers, that there are five main stages that help us cope with a death of someone close or somebody that is going to die. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first stage that is mentioned in the book is Denial. Ross tells of how a person just does not want to be with anyone but himself or herself because they don’t know why God is choosing them to die at that present time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The second stage Ms. Ross talks about is Denial. This stage is where the dieing patient just won’t admit to themselves or others that it is their time to go and meet their fate. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The†¦show more content†¦I feel that if I did not use these forms of communication, I would have never been able to communicate with my grandfather. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The other powerful feeling that appealed to me was in the first chapter. The feeling that I had was joy when I read about the last stage of acceptance. If I could never reach this stage, I don’t think that I would ever be able to get out of the depression stage because if I was never able to accept my fate, I feel that I would go crazy and just cut myself off from the world and never have communications with any living person again. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This book affected me personally because it changed my whole perspective of how I viewed death. Now that I have learned the five stages of death, I can cope with the dieing patient whether it is one of my family members or one of my close friends. This book showed me how I can go through all of the stages with the dieing patient and how I can help that person go through their long or short process of death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This book gave me the feeling that I have the power to go through someone’s experience with their own death or someone’s experience with a friend or family member’s death because I now know who a dieing persons mind works just from reading as well as understanding thisShow MoreRelatedThe Death and Life of Great American Cities Analysis618 Words   |  3 PagesThe Death and Life of Great American Cities The Conditions for City Diversity analysis Part two of Death and Life explains several conditions for city diversity based on the observations of different American cities and discusses in depth the four factors that Jacobs believe are critical for the development of a city. The basis for generating diversity lies in these conditions, and cannot be secludedly achieved by planning and designing. This part lays out the foundation and is the basis forRead MoreThe Life and Death of Great American Cities by Jane Jacob892 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jane Jacobs’s acclaimed The Life and Death of Great American Cities, she intricately articulates urban blight and the ills of metropolitan society by addressing several binaries throughout the course of the text. One of the more culturally significant binaries that Jacobs relies on in her narrative is the effectively paradoxical relationship between diversity and homogeneity in urban environments at the time. In particular, beginning in Chapter 12 throughout Chapter 13, Jacobs is co ncerned greatlyRead MoreLife And Death - Life Or Death925 Words   |  4 PagesLife or Death You never know when the day will come when you are in a life or death situation. I was in those shoes before... It was the worst pain in the world. I never knew that just a small animal like that could do that much harm to me or a human at all. That was the day I got bit by a poisonous copperhead snake. I was playing a game of soccer with my aunt and cousin. We were all having a great time. My aunt called us inside to eat so we paused the game and ate. Then we went back outsideRead MoreLife and Death1191 Words   |  5 Pagesand his girlfriend, Jig, who have a disagreement in the train station on the subject of whether to keep the unborn child or to abort. However, the author uses binary opposition of life and death to portray the polemic argument a couple encounters regarding abortion. As a symbol for the binary opposition of life and death, he represents the couple’s expressions, feelings, and the description of nature. One can analyze the story of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† in the form of the structuralist perspectiveRead MoreLife or Death: The Death Penalti1012 Words   |  4 PagesLife or Death â€Å"The death penalty is popular among politicians and the public in response to the escalating fear of violence. However, capital punishment actually makes the fight against crime more difficult. Executions waste valuable resources that could be applied to more promising efforts to protect the public. Additionally, innocent people are sometimes executed and the brutalizing effect executions have on society may result in more murders. For these reasons, the death penalty shouldRead MoreDeath As A Part Of Life1154 Words   |  5 PagesMost people are terrified of dying and others are not afraid of it at all. Death is going to happen in life when we least expect it. No one knows the hour, or time when it s their turn to pass away. In the Bottom, people perceive the theme of death through war or their childhood. They take death as a friend and do not fear it. When Sula dies in 1940, when Nel is their confronting her after three years about the past. Sula dies in a fetal position with her thumb in her mouth, she realizes she stopsRead MoreLife After Death1127 Words   |  5 Pageswhat it could happen to them after life. For many people, death is a redoubtable event because they do not know what to expect after their death. However, other persons, such as religious people are conscious of what to expect after their death because of their beliefs. Each religion has different ideas and diffe rent ways of looking life. Death, therefore, is viewed by different religions in many ways. Although, different religions have a distinct conception of death, they all have something in common:Read MoreDeath : A Life Force955 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is a concept that is associated as terrifying, painful while some associate death with peace and tranquility. The Egyptians did not like death but they believed it was necessary as a stage to pass on to the afterlife. They valued death and believed it to be a phase in the cycle of life. When a person died, they believed his ka, the life force which makes a person human left his body at death. The ka is usually appeased with a offerings to satisfy its needs and has to be close to the body whereRead MoreExtending Life Or Death?992 Words   |  4 PagesNatasha GoodmanSmith English 110 John Hansen July 10, 2015 Extending Life or Death? Death is not something we can avoid it must be faced. Some deaths are instant and pain free while others suffer never-ending pain until the last breath. Diseases and cancers can take a fit and healthy person and a month later, they are writhing in pain hoping for the end. People should not be forced to suffer at the end of their live. A big controversy is physician-assisted suicide and why we should legalize it.Read MoreWhat Is Death And Life After Death?1373 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Death and Life After Death? In William Shakespeare s Hamlet, many concepts are brought up and repeated throughout the entire play. Most of these concepts include ideas that be argued many different ways. A concept that has a constant presence through the entire play is death. Death is the way that people are freed, how they are convinced to keep living, a loss of identification, and a place that is unknown to mankind and a place that will never be known by living people. Death is often

HMS Hood in World War II